Dai ni na aten hta anhte Jinghpaw Wunpawng sha ni Kachin ngu amying shingteng lu wa ai lam hpe ningmu amyu myu hku htai ma ai. Lawu na lam ni gaw maigan amyu ni hku nna mu mada let ka da ai ningmu ni rai nga ai. Gaja wa nga yang amying ngu ai gaw tinang ting hkrai n mai shamying la nga ai. Kaga masha, tsasam wa shamying ya nna lu ai mying hkrai rai nga ai. Ga shadawn Myen mung e Indian ni hpe kadai wa Indian ngu n tsun ma ai. Myan mung masha yawng Kala ngu sha tsun shaga ma ai. Dai majaw amying ngu ai gaw masha wa jaw ai she re. Tinang hkrai tinang ra ai hku shamying la ai n re. Kachin ngu ai amying shingteng hte seng nna:-
1. Dr. Ola Hanson a ningmu:-
If we could tell with certainty how and when the name Kachin originated, there would be at least one fixed point in their history. But unfortunately this is not possible. We can be sure of this only, that it is a Burmese appellation, not known in either Assam or China, but in use in Upper Burma early in the last century. The well known traveler and missionary Dr. Kincaid, in the year 1837, come in contact with the " Ka Khyens" around Mogaung, being under the impression that " they are of the same race as the Karens." As already stated all Kachins call themselves Jinghpaw, but just as the Tai race became known as Shan, the Braginyaw tribes as Karens, the Jinghpaws were called Kachin. The Shans and Palaungs call them Hkang, the same name the Kachins give to the Chins, an opprobrious term indicating mixed race and parentage. The Chinese call them Ye Jein, wild men, which in Kachin becomes Yawyin and is applied to the Lishaws. The Burmans must have had their first information regarding the advancing Kachins from the Shans and Chinese. In some way they coined the term in accordance with the names employed by them. The Hkang of the Shan and the Jein of the Chinese may for short have become Hka Khyen, or Ka Khyen, which seems to have been the earliest way of pronouncing and spelling the word. This again has been simplified to our "Kachin." This seems to me the simplest and most natural explanation. The meaning proposed that we have in the name the Burmese words for sour (ခ်ဥ္)and bitter (ခါး) is possible, but not at all probable. If this is the etymology, then we have in this name a reference to the savage state of the rude mountaineers.
Ola Hanson, The Kachins : Their Customs and Traditions , 1913, p.18.
2. Herman G.Tengenfeldt a ningmu:-
Earlier spelling of the term Kachin varied greatly (Ke Cheen,Ka-Khyen, Kakhyen), but by the middle 1880s, Kachin was being used generally, and this spelling has continued to the present. Ola Hanson and H. F. Hertz thought it most likely that the name Kachin came from a combination of Shan and Chinese terms for "wild men" (1913:18, 19; Hertz 1935:v). On the other hand, out of his earlier but more limited contacts with the Kachins, Josiah N. Cushing wrote in 1880, "The name Ka-Khyen is an appellation of purely Burman origin" (Baptist Missionary Magazine 1880 :296) .
W. J. S. Carrapiett, a British government officer, believed he could trace its origin through another Shan derivation that meant "race of Chins" (1929:vii). Others have suggested that the combination of the Burmese words for "bitter" and "sour" would
approximate the name Kachin, supposedly indicating that the Burmese found the Kachins anything but sweet to deal with. Ma Khin Mya, herself Burmese, has proposed a theory which would find the origin in a combination of the Burmese words for "dance" and "desire," reflecting a Burmese view that the Kachins are a happy people who like to dance (1961:23). The history of Burmese-Kachin attitudes and relations, however, hardly supports such a theory.
Herman G.Tengenfeldt, A Century Growth: The Kachin Baptist Church of Burma, 1974 p.11
3. E.R Leach wa a ningmu:-
It seems to have been assumed at this lime that the English category Singpho and the Burmese category Theinbaw were identical, but the category Kakhyen was still treated as separate. Ten years later Hannay, who had been responsible for part of the original intelligence work, published a treatise on The Singphos or Kakhyens of Burma.t " thus uniting under one head the hillmen east of Bhamo, the Singpho of the Hukawng Valley and Assam, and the miscellaneous 'Kakoo' of the Mali Hka and N'mai Hka Valleys.
In Hannay's scheme the whole population of Burma north of Bhamo falls under only two heads: the Shans and the Kakhyens. Evidently what impressed Hannay most was the general cultural similarity between all the different groups of hill people. He realised that they did not all speak the same language, but this did not strike him as particularly important. Hannay's views were generally accepted until the end of the century. For example, a writer in 189128 considered that the Gauri, who speak a dialect of Jinghpaw, and the Szi (Atsi), who speak a dialect of Maru, were 'closely related' sections of the same 'sub-tribe of Kachins', Kachin was thus still a cultural and not a linguistic category.
E.R Leach, Political Systems of Highland Burma, 1954, p.42
4. Mr. W.J.S Carrapiet wa a ningmu:-
Mr. W.J.S Carrapiet gaw Lamu Ga Jarit Up Hkang Rung (The Frontier Service of Burma) magam gun ai wa re. Shi mugun nga ai aten hta anhte Jinghpaw Bumga ni hta mayam shalawt ai aten re. Dai aten 1921 ning Jinghpaw amyu sha ni, Hugawng ga hte Mali Mali Nmai Walawng ni hta 146,845 nga ma ai. Mr. Carrapient gaw Kachin ngu ai ga gaw Sam amyu ni a ga Satchin kaw nna sa wa ai re nga ka da ai. Rev. Cushing galaw ai Sam ni a Dictioary hta “Sat” a lachyum gaw race, amyu bawsang ngu lachyum shapraw da ai. Bai Sam ni gaw kaga amyu bawsang ni hpe Satchin nga shamying ai lam mu lu ai. Dai Sat hpe Myen hpu nau ni gaw Ka ( Sat = Ka ) ngu hti ma ai. Dai majaw Satchin ngu ai kaw na Ka Chin ngu ai lam Mr. Carrapiet a ga nhpaw hta ka da ai lam hpe mu lu ai.
According to the Census of 1921 there were 146,845 Kachins of both sexes in Burma. The enumeration excluded Kachins of the Hukawng Valley and of the tract of land between the N'Mai and Mali rivers known as the Triangle. These latter have since been brought under administrative control and will be included in the Census of 1931. It has been suggested that the word Kachin is a Burmese corruption of the Chinese words Ye-jen," meaning wild men." "Kachin" is not contained in the Kachin vocabulary, and if a Kachin is referred to by this name he is insulted. He proudly calls himself a Ching-hpaw, i.e., a Man. In Assam he is known as a Sing-hpo. In my opinion the word may be traced to the Shans. At the present day the Siamese in the south of the Mergui district commonly use the word “Sat” for race, e.g., Sat khe = a Malay; .Sat Chin = a Chinese; Sat Thai = a Siamese. I am informed by Mr. F. S. Grose, of the Burma Frontier Service, that the Rev. Cushing in his Shan dictionary has" Sat " as one of the Shan words meaning" race." I am inclined to the belief, therefore, that the Shans, when they ruled over Northern Burma, referred to the tribesmen as "Sat Chin," i.e. the race of Chins, and that the Burmese changed the " Sat" to " Ka."
W.J.S Carrapiet, The Kachin Tribes of Burma, 1929, p. vii
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